Pikillaqta is one of the most important pre-Inca archaeological sites in Cusco, located in the South Valley, about 30 km from the city. Its name in Quechua means “city of fleas,” although it was actually a large, well-planned urban center of the Wari culture (600–1000 AD). It stands out for its organized layout, with straight streets, plazas, and rectangular enclosures built with stone and adobe. Unlike Inca architecture, Pikillaqta features a clearly defined geometric design, reflecting a high level of urban planning. It is believed to have been an important administrative, military, and religious center that housed thousands of inhabitants. The site also included storage areas and systems for territorial control. Visiting Pikillaqta offers a unique opportunity to explore one of the earliest planned cities in the Andes and understand the development of civilizations that preceded the Inca Empire, all within a stunning natural landscape.

Like many important Inca sites, Tipón was inhabited by groups and cultures that preceded the Incas, including the Ayamarcas and the Wari. Historical chronicles indicate that Tipón was the residence of the Inca ruler Yahuar Huacac. His son and successor, Viracocha, built the main canals and walls of the complex during the 15th century. During the Spanish invasion in the 16th century, the structures of Tipón were not destroyed, allowing much of its original form to be preserved. After more than 600 years, Tipón’s water channels continue to flow with remarkable precision and consistency. For this reason, the American engineer Kenneth Wright described it as a “Wonder of Civil Engineering.” Today, Tipón is one of the most visited archaeological sites in Cusco. It is an essential part of the South Valley tour, which also includes Pikillaqta and the church of Andahuaylillas.

Andahuaylillas is a small town in the province of Quispicanchi, about 45 km from Cusco. Although little studied, it likely held importance during Inca times. Located near the Vilcanota River, its fertile lands attracted Spanish settlers, as reflected in its colonial mansions. Its Quechua name means “copper meadow” and was adapted into a diminutive form in Spanish to distinguish it from Andahuaylas. Today, it is a welcoming town of around 5,000 inhabitants. Its main square, lined with ancient pisonay trees, leads to its famous church, known as the “Sistine Chapel of America.” The church stands on a raised platform and features an open chapel and a solid bell tower. Inside, it preserves impressive colonial art. It is believed to have been built over a pre-Hispanic structure, as suggested by Inca walls within.