The tour begins at Campidoglio, one of Rome’s seven hills and sacred center of Roman power. Here stood the great temple of Jupiter Maximus, the religious and political landmark of the ancient world. The name “Capitolium” is associated with the “head” of Rome, the place where the authority of the State was concentrated. Under the current square is the Tabularium, the former public archive where the laws and official documents were kept, a symbol of the legal memory of the Republic. The Renaissance square designed by Michelangelo reorganized the space and oriented it towards the city, creating a scenery that connects myth, republic and empire. From this viewpoint the Roman Forum dominates and you can see how Rome went from founding legend to capital of an empire that marked the history of the West.

The tour continues to the Roman Forum, the political center where Rome defined its destiny for centuries. In front of the Rostra, the platform of speakers, we recall the moment when Mark Antony announced the death of Julius Caesar, a speech that ignited the people and forever changed the course of the Republic. A few steps away is the place where Caesar was cremated and honored as a divinity, marking the beginning of imperial worship and the rise of a new political era. This space brings together temples, basilicas and ceremonial avenues that reveal how Rome organized power, justice and public life. To walk through this scenario is to enter the heart of Ancient Rome, where every decision resonated throughout the Mediterranean and where the political structure that would define the Empire was born.

The route continues to the Mamertina Prison, the oldest space linked to the Roman judicial system and one of the places where the harshness of power in the Republic is understood. Located at the foot of the Capitol, this underground prison was used to detain enemy kings, captured leaders and figures considered a threat to the state. As time went by, the place acquired a decisive role in the Christian tradition: here is the episode in which the apostle Peter was imprisoned before his martyrdom, a moment that marked the Christian presence in the city. The structure carved out of the rock, the narrow approaches and the austere atmosphere show how Rome combined political control, exemplary punishment and moral authority. This point of the tour connects republican, military and judicial Rome with Rome that was beginning to transform under new beliefs and new narratives of power.

The tour proceeds to the Forum and Trajan Markets, one of the most ambitious complexes in Imperial Rome. This monumental space celebrates the victories of Trajan in Dacia, campaigns that financed urban expansion and consolidated the power of the Hispaniac-born emperor, the province that gave Rome two of its most influential rulers: Trajan and Hadrian. Here we appreciate the practical and disciplined view of stoic thought

The tour continues to the place where the statue of Julius Caesar stood, installed by Augustus to consolidate the memory of the murdered leader. Here the Idus conspiracy of March is revived, when a group of senators led by Brutus and Cassius decided to eliminate Caesar to curb his growing power. The assassination triggered a political crisis that forever transformed the history of Rome. Every year, at this point, a ceremony is held with floral offerings that remembers his figure and his impact on the city. The reaction of the people after his death was immediate: Rome was filled with tension, Caesar's body was brought to the Forum and the crowd, indignant, demanded justice. This space summarizes the end of the Republic and the beginning of the imperial order that would define the future of the Mediterranean.

The tour continues to the August Forum, a space designed to legitimize the heir of Julius Caesar and consolidate the new political order. Augustus, adopted as his son and successor, used this forum to present his authority as a direct continuation of Caesar's legacy. Here was established an ideological program that reorganized the time and identity of Rome: the month Sextilis was renamed August in his honor, integrating his figure in the calendar that we still use. The forum also reflected the discipline of the Roman military schedule, divided into vigils and guards that structured the life of the army and influenced the organization of time in Europe. Surrounded by statues of heroes and ancestors, Augustus projected an image of stability, justice and victory that marked the beginning of the Empire and defined the political memory of Rome for centuries.

The tour continues to the Nerva Forum, a narrow but monumental space that served as a ceremonial corridor between the great imperial forums. Its most prominent element is the temple dedicated to Minerva, goddess of wisdom and strategy, symbol of the rational order that guided the Roman administration. This figure connects directly with the stoic vision that influenced emperors like Trajan, for whom duty, discipline and reason were pillars of government. The forum was started by Domitian, remembered by many as a “second Nero” for its authoritarianism, but completed after his death to integrate it into the urban program of the Flavian dynasty. For centuries it remained semi-buried until, in 1932, the great excavations of the Via dei Fori Imperiali brought it back to light, revealing columns, reliefs and structures that today allow us to understand the monumental continuity of Imperial Rome.

The tour continues to the Basilica of Majentius, one of the most imposing buildings of Late Rome and a symbol of the architectural power that still held the Empire in its last centuries. Its massive barrel vaults and central nave reveal advanced engineering, capable of creating monumental spaces for the administration of justice and public administration. This building marked a turning point in Roman architecture: its scale, design and structure would later influence the first Christian basilicas. Although it was started by Maxentius, Constantine completed it after his victory, integrating it into his urban program to reinforce its legitimacy. Walking among its remains allows us to imagine the greatness of an Empire that, even in its final stage, continued to build works capable of dominating the landscape and defining the monumental identity of Rome.

The tour continues to the Arch of Constantine, the monument celebrating the emperor's victory in the decisive Battle of Milvio Bridge, a confrontation that changed the political and religious direction of the Empire. According to ancient sources, Constantine received a divine signal before the battle, a message he interpreted as a guarantee of victory and marked the beginning of a new relationship between imperial power and faith. The arch, built next to the Colosseum, reuses reliefs from previous emperors to link Constantine to the tradition of great rulers. The triumphal arches had a clear function: to legitimize the victor, remind the people of victory and turn urban space into a permanent propaganda arena. This monument summarizes the passage from pagan Rome to a transformed Rome, where military authority, political vision and the heavenly message came together to define a new era.

The tour arrives at the Roman Colosseum, one of the fastest and most amazing constructions of Antiquity. In less than a decade, the Flavios built an amphitheater capable of receiving more than fifty thousand people, using thousands of workers, advanced machinery and an almost military organization. Under the sand there was a huge central well that allowed to recreate naumaquias, water shows where the lower level was flooded to simulate naval battles, a technical feat that still surprises modern engineers. Above the structure was displayed the velarium, a canvas roof managed by sailors of the imperial fleet, which protected the public from the sun. Evidence of these systems is still visible: anchors, channels, pulleys and remains of the platforms that supported elevators and walkways. Every detail confirms that the Colosseum was not only a power stage, but a monumental machine designed to impress the world.

At this stop we talk about the Roman show in its most complete form. The Colosseum was a setting where hunts, duels, stunts, mythological reenactments and public executions that were part of the official program were combined. The morning began with venations, fighting between animals and trained hunters. At noon, the most difficult moment was the execution of death row prisoners, where exemplary punishments were represented in front of thousands of spectators. Christian martyrs, victims of a system that used the amphitheater as an instrument of social control and affirmation of imperial power, appear in this context. In the afternoon the gladiators arrived, the most anticipated part of the day, where discipline, technique and risk kept the public in tension. This point in the tour reveals how Rome turned entertainment into a political tool capable of uniting, exciting and subduing an entire city.

From this outside viewpoint you can see a part of the sand of the Colosseum, enough to feel the greatness of the amphitheater without having to enter. The view reveals the perfect oval, the slope of the stands and the space where tens of thousands of Romans celebrated, shouted and judged. Here is understood the energy that traveled the building when gladiators appeared, when animals broke in or when the condemned faced their fate. The open sand reveals remnants of the underground system: elevators, cages and walkways that formed precise machinery designed to turn the show into imperial propaganda. To contemplate the Colosseum from this point is to connect with the emotional heart of Rome, where power, violence and entertainment shaped the identity of the Empire. And here, from this viewpoint, the guide will close the tour giving you tips to save time, eat well and visit nearby places like San Clemente, Scala Santa and Circus Maximus.