The Museum of Egyptian Antiquities — also known as the Egyptian Museum or Cairo Museum — is located in the heart of Cairo and houses one of the world's largest and most significant collections of ancient Egyptian artifacts. With over 120,000 items, the museum showcases a vast array of treasures, while many more are carefully preserved in storage. Opened in 1901 and constructed by the Italian firm Garozzo-Zaffarani, it remains one of the most iconic museums in the region. Although it was set to be succeeded by the Grand Egyptian Museum in Giza (originally scheduled for 2020), the Egyptian Museum continues to welcome visitors as of March 2019.

Papyrus, one of the earliest forms of writing material, originated in Egypt and dates back to at least the First Dynasty. It was crafted from the papyrus plant, which once flourished along the banks of the Nile River.

The Egyptian pyramids are ancient stone monuments scattered across Egypt, with over 118 identified so far. Most were built as tombs for pharaohs and their queens during the Old and Middle Kingdom eras.

The sphinx is a legendary creature commonly depicted with a human head, a lion’s body, and falcon wings. In Greek mythology, it is shown with a woman’s head, a lion’s body, and bird-like wings. Known for her cunning and merciless nature, the Greek sphinx famously challenged travelers with riddles, punishing those who failed to solve them.